About ovaries:-

Pair of organs in the female reproductive system are termed as ovaries.The size and shape of an Ovary is that of an almond. Eggs and female hormones are produced in ovaries. Main source of the female hormones estrogen and progesterone which influence the development of a woman's breasts, body shape, and body hair are Ovaries.

What is Ovarian Cyst?
Different types of cysts can form in the ovary. These cysts are fluid-filled sac or pockets inside or on the surface of an ovary. Cyst which is formed during the normal menstrual cycle and is the most common type is called functional cyst. These Functional cysts occur during the time when egg is released from the ovary. These cysts usually shrink over time, usually in about 1 to 3 months.

A doctor usually checks the women who have functional cyst again over 1 to 3 months to make sure that the size of the cyst has reduced. Few doctors may even advice to take birth control pills so that ovary does not ovulate as, if there is no ovulation there is no fear of cysts being formed

Symptoms of Ovarian Cyst
Usually there’s no fix symptom of ovarian cyst and even if there are few symptoms they are very common to many other conditions such as pelvic inflammatory disease, endometriosis or ectopic pregnancy.
Women who have an ovarian cyst, is most likely to have these symptoms:
1. Irregular menstrual cycle.
2. Pain in the lower abdominal area below the navel or belly button shortly before your period begins or just before it ends.
3. dyspareunia - Pain during or after sexual intercourse
4. Feeling of heaviness in abdomen
5. Symptoms experienced during pregnancy like Feeling of Nausea, vomiting or breast tenderness
6. Finding difficulty in emptying bladder completely

Symptoms which require immediate medical care:-

Severe pain occurring in spells and often abruptly in lower abdomen and is accompanied by fever and vomiting immediate consultation of doctor is required.

Emergency symptoms:-
When a woman shows signs of shock such as cold, sweaty skin, swift breathing, and wooziness or weakness don’t take it lightly it’s an emergency and immediate medical attention is required.

Treatment of Ovarian Cyst
Doctors may give treatment of ovarian cysts depending upon the symptoms, age, the type and size of a cyst .
Regular monitoring:- Doctor will Watch and wait and may recommend follow-up pelvic ultrasounds at periodic intervals to see if your cyst has changed in size.
Pills: - Some doctor may recommend birth control pills to reduce the chance of ovulation in future menstrual cycles. Oral contraceptives are also beneficial and may reduce risk of ovarian cancer .longer birth control pills are being taken lesser is the chance of ovarian cyst being formed.
Surgical treatment:- If your cyst is not a functional cyst and is large then it has to be removed with the help of surgery. Painful cysts are removed immediately.

There are three types of surgeries being performed:-

Cystectomy: - When a Cyst is removed without removal of ovary it is known as cystectomy.
Oophorectomy: - this is the type of surgery in which only one of the ovaries is removed keeping the other intact thus maintaining fertility of a patient. If a cystic mass is cancerous, however, your doctor will advise a hysterectomy to remove both ovaries and your uterus.
Hysterectomy:- Hysterectomy is the Surgical procedure in which both the ovaries are being removed as the cyst may be cancerous .

Prevention of Ovarian Cyst:-
There is no definite method to prevent the growth of ovarian cysts just regular pelvic examinations and being aware to changes in monthly cycle, including symptoms of menstruation that are typical. One should talk to a doctor about any concerns relating to menstruation.