INFORMATION ON ALLERGY:-

Allergies may be defined as immune system’s false response to a foreign substance. Exposure to foreign substance such as pollen which is generally a harmless substance causes the immune system to behave as if the substance is harmful. Substances that cause allergies are called allergens.

If the allergen is in the air, the allergic reaction will occur in the eyes, nose and lungs. If the allergen is ingested, the allergic reaction will occur in the mouth, stomach, and intestines.

CAUSES OF ALLERGY:-

1. Pollen.
2. Dust mites.
3. Molds.
4. Animal dander.
5. Certain foods.
6. Insect venom.

SYMPTOMS OF ALLERGY:-

1. Local symptoms (affecting a specific area of the body) such as a rash or hives; itchy, watery eyes; and some congestion. Mild reactions do not spread to other parts of the body.

2. Symptoms may include itchiness that spreads or difficulty breathing.


3. Serious symptoms, including swelling (which could result in difficulty swallowing and breathing); abdominal pain; cramps; vomiting; diarrhea; hives; and angioedema (hives in the throat). Mental confusion or dizziness also may be symptoms, since anaphylaxis causes a quick drop in blood pressure.

DIAGNOSIS OF ALLERGY:-

An allergy skin test of the subject, also called a prick test, may be used to identify the substances that are causing allergy symptoms. The skin test is performed by pricking infected skin with an extract of an allergen, and then evaluating the skin’s reaction.

If a skin test cannot be performed or proved to be failure, a radioallergosorbent blood test (RAST) may be taken, although its results are not as accurate as a skin test. This radioallergosorbent blood test evaluates the number of antibodies produced by the immune system. Elevated levels of certain antibodies can identify particular allergies.

TREATMENT OF ALLERTGY:-

Medications such as antihistamines, decongestants, or a combination of both are prescribed by doctor to treat allergy symptoms. Nasal sprays such as topical nasal steroids and cromolyn sodium can also be used to treat allergy symptoms. Immunotherapy, or allergy shots, is recommended for relief that is needed over a long period of time.