A cardiac arrest is a heart disease during heart attack in which circulation process of blood disturbs because of sudden pause in normal blood circulation. Cardiac arrest is also known as circulatory arrest. In other words we can say that a cardiac arrest is unexpected break in Systole process of heart. Result of cardiac arrest is cells death because of insufficient blood supply and lack of oxygen. Unsatisfactory oxygen in cells leads to brain damage that may occur after 3-4 min of cardiac arrest.

Death of a patient because of a cardiac arrest is known as sudden cardiac death (SCD).

Causes of cardiac arrest:

There are 8 causes that may leads cardiac arrest. All 8 causes may divide into 2 categories 4 Ts and 4 Hs.

4 Ts are Tension pneumothorax , Tamponade (Cardiac), Toxins, Thrombosis.

Tension pneumothorax – A rush of air into the pleural cavities.
Tamponade – problem in heart beat due to pressure of blood and fluids on pericardium.
Toxins – Harmful toxins
Thrombosis - Blood clots in the heart or lungs .

4 Hs are Hypoxia, Hypovolemia, Hypo/Hyper-metabolic disorders, Hypothermia

Hypoxia - deficiency of oxygen rich blood to the heart, brain and other organs.
Hypovolemia - deficiency in circulation process of body fluids and it may possible because of blood lose in bleeding.
Hypo/Hyper-metabolic disorders – Either high or low level of electrolytes like potassium and calcium that circulates in the body.
Hypothermia - Low body temperature, 35 or less than 35 degrees Celsius.

Diagnosis of cardiac arrest :

Cardiac arrest may be indentify in a person by checking his pulse rate. But an exact diagnosis is necessory and that can be possible through ECG. Only after ECG we may decide perfact treatment.

Treatment of cardiac arrest :

First aid treament is very important for cardiac arrest and that mainly includes CPR. CPR is short term of cardiopulmonary resuscitation that can be explained by 2 stepsRescue breathing (inflating the lungs by using mouth-to-mouth resuscitation)Chest compression (in which we can pump the heart by external cardiac massage)

Hospital treatment will depend on diagnosis and condition of patient. Generally surgery, medication is suggeted to a person but in all cases CPR is must.